0: Emergent - Addition and Subtraction

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Get seven counters

Teacher: Can you get me 7 counters?
Student: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9...
Teacher: How many is that so far?
Student: Um... seven?

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Students at the Emergent stage are unable to consistently count a given number of objects because they lack knowledge of counting sequences and/or the ability to match things in one-to-one correspondence.